Rhetorical Devices Essay Example for Free

Rhetorical Devices Essay The definition of an anecdote is a story that is very short that either explains or emphasizes a point that is trying to be made. In my speech when I was explaining that soccer has affected the paths that my life has taken including schools and friends, I used the short story of getting recruited for soccer at the high school and collegiate level, which is also where I met my best friends. In Bekah Diehl’s speech making the point that the saying â€Å"the only fear is fear itself† she said she not scared of the fear of baseballs, but rather the ball itself. The story she used was with her friends playing catch with the baseball around her. The conclusion is the final part of a speech that closes it and ties it all main points together. In the conclusion the thesis is stated, the main points are summarized, and a clincher is said to leave the audience with. The conclusion for my speech was that soccer has made me a well-rounded individual and has shaped the person that I am today. My favorite memories have included playing soccer and my teammates. When I step on the field I am free. I would not be the same person today if soccer was not in my life. In the closing of Bekah Diehl her conclusion that was her fear of baseballs is real and something she has to deal with. However, she takes comfort that her she doesn’t have a phobia of something else and that her phobia could be of something worse.

Causes of the French Revolution Essay -- The French Revolution

â€Å"Liberty, equality, fraternity, or death; - the last, much the easiest to bestow, O Guillotine!† -- Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities Reflect upon your lifetime. Was there ever a moment where you felt mistreated, or unequally represented? Maybe it’s that your boss listens to your other coworkers and not you. Or that you feel like the government is listening to corporative powers and not the people. Inequality fosters resentment. How would you feel if your voice wasn’t heard? The concept of inequality is not exclusive to the French Revolution. In fact, these variations are seen within our modern relationships, social structures, and political structures—a few of which are outlined above. In regards to the French Revolution, the misrepresentation felt among the Third Estate at the end of the 18th century was a factor of the outbreak of the Revolution. However, this sentiment of unfairness alone was not the most influential in starting the Revolution, but rather it was the imbalances within the social population that had the greatest effect. While many historians focus on the discrimination of the Third Estate—frequently labeled as the commoners or peasantry of France—the social troubles within France were more extensive than those felt by the commoners. Although the Third Estate made up for over 2/3 of France’s population in the 1780s and focusing on the Third Estate shows how most of France’s population was reacting to pre-Revolution times, this perspective does not allow for a holistic perspective of social relations. Instead, by looking at the outbreak of the Revolution through a more wide-set scope, I believe that we can see that the French Revolution was a result of the under-represented population of the Third Estat... ...w York: H. Fertig, 1970. Print. Boutier, Jean. ‘Jacqueries en pays croquant, 1789-90’, Annales E.S.C., 34 (1979), pp. 774-5. Hodson, Christopher. "'In Praise Of The Third Estate': Religious And Social Imagery In The Early French Revolution." Eighteenth-Century Studies 34.3 (2001): 337. Academic Search Complete. Web. 14 Feb. 2015. Jones, Peter. "Rural France in the Eighteenth Century." The Peasantry in the French Revolution. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire: Cambridge UP, 1988. 1-29. Print. Lefebvre, Georges. The Coming of the French Revolution. Trans. R. R. Palmer. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1947. Print. "States-General." Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6Th Edition (2011): 1. Academic Search Complete. Web. 19 Feb. 2015. "France : The Causes of the French Revolution." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 26 Feb. 2015.

A Study on the Barriers of Women in IT and Banking in the UK, And Their Perceptions on Glass Ceiling

The following is an exploratory research based on the issue of women facing barriers to promotion and growth in the information technology and the banking sectors of the UK economy. The research highlights the various issues faced by women managers and employees in these segments and how the concept of discrimination still exist despite anti discriminatory laws for the workplace.Moreover the concept of the glass ceiling is also observed, as to how it limits the growth of women in the information technology, banking and financial sectors in the region of United Kingdom. While the research is comprehensive in nature, it is limited in terms of its results only to the United Kingdom.Literature Review â€Å"While, statistically, figures show an increase in women's representation in the Science, Engineering and Technology domain, academic research is yet to explore in greater depth both the reasons for women's continuing under-representation at senior levels and their work experiences.â⠂¬  (Wilson-Kovacs, Ryan & Haslam, 2006) Equality between women and men in the workplace is a hot topic all around the world.However UK has been facing issues operating to glass ceiling and women’s barriers in the workplace more than their counterparts in America. Glass ceiling is the term used to describe a scenario where equally qualified and participating men are seen to be promoted and receiving a higher salary and benefits than their female counter parts at the same position.The glass ceiling is based on the attitude bias of the community and the people employed in the workplace that creates barriers for women and minority groups to achieve positions of leadership.â€Å"In August 2006 Forbes reported that 70% of women and 57% of men believe an invisible barrier — a glass ceiling — prevents women from getting ahead in business, according to a study of 1,200 executives in eight countries, including the U.S., Australia, Austria and the Philippines were the f indings of a study conducted by Accenture.† (‘Women Still Face Glass Ceiling’, 2008)With the changing times and melding cultures, women of all ethnicities and diverse regions that are present in the UK are seeking positions of employment in professional services. This combined with the fact that they have gained extensive education in specializing fields has enabled them to enter the labor market as highly skilled professionals.However despite the investment in their careers the women are not able to achieve positions that their counterparts are achieving in a specific time frame along with the same qualifications and experience. Specific to the legal, financial and baking related firms, the transition of a female employee into a partner is sex biases, undertaken mostly under pressure or durance on part of the board.The females as a result are also plagued by problems pertaining to maintaining a falsified image and living up to expectation of the men. â€Å"the p resence of a self-managed career advancement process necessitating a proactive approach to demonstrating individual contribution; and the need to ‘fit’ a prevailing model of success within the firm which is a masculine model and is more problematic for women.† (Kumra, & Vinnicombe, 2008)Aside from this the discrepancies for jobs and the barriers into employment in the UK are more prominent for ethnic women as compared to the white women. This is mostly because of the fact that the employers have a higher degree of discrimination for the way the ethnic women dress in the workplace.Moreover while asking an applicant about their plans for establishing a life, getting married and having children are considered discriminatory by the British Law, these questions are still persistently an repeatedly been asked off black, and Asian women seeking employment in the UK.â€Å"Research by the Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC) has revealed that Pakistani and Bangladeshi wom en aged under 35 are between three and four times more likely to be unemployed than their white counterparts, while black Caribbean females are twice as likely to be out of work.† (‘Ethnic minority women face employment barriers’, 2005)

Classical Liberalism And The Enlightenment - 1244 Words

Paper #1: Classical Liberalism Classical liberalism is the transition from focusing on government to focusing on the rights of individuals. This transition came about during the time of the Enlightenment in the eighteenth century. The Enlightenment period was when man started to have more faith in his own reasoning. People began to look for evidence on their beliefs themselves and to find proof on these beliefs, so that they could come up with their own opinions on things. One way that they did this was by going back and rereading Roman and Greek texts and retranslating these texts. This new way of thinking also caused the Protestant Reformation to occur. Some of the most influential Enlightenment writers were John Locke, Thomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson, and the people of France’s National Constituent Assembly. John Locke was one of the most influential writers during the Enlightenment period, and was the first â€Å"Enlightenment Thinker†. Locke is the author of the â€Å"Two Treatises† and be lieved that every person was born with â€Å"natural rights† such as: life, liberty, and property (Locke). These rights were meant for everyone, and not just the nobility or wealthy. Locke uses references from the Bible throughout the â€Å"Two Treatises† stating that â€Å"God created man without any state of inferiority† (Locke). This disproves the idea of â€Å"Divine Right† given from God that many countries in Europe had been participating in. John Locke also discussed the importance of â€Å"The Beginning ofShow MoreRelatedThe Intellectual Tradition Of Political Economy1692 Words   |  7 PagesTraditions in Political Economy i) In what significant ways does modern liberalism break from classical liberalism s conceptualization of the market? In your answer, be sure to focus on the principles of classical and modern liberalism, as well as key 20th-century intellectual developments in each tradition. The definitional conceptualization of the five premises of political economy underscores the differences classical and modern liberalism. These premises include human nature, society, government, moralityRead MoreLiberalism, The Political Philosophy On Ideas Of Equality And Liberty1573 Words   |  7 PagesLiberalism Liberalism is the political philosophy on ideas of equality and liberty. Liberalisms focus is on the general ideas of fair elections by the people, civil rights, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, free trade, and private property. As with all things though, the way the idea of liberalism can viewed differ by each individual person and the trails they have gone through. Liberalism is no exception from this phenomenon and during the nineteenth Century there were many trails changingRead MorePolitical Philosphies of Liberalism726 Words   |  3 PagesLiberalism If we want to speak about liberalism, we have to speak about how liberalism came into the nationals systems of many countries. Liberalism includes a lot of different political philosophies and people have fight for it or against it over time. Nowadays it is criticized but In 1689, John Locke published his book â€Å"Two Treatises on Governments† which established the natural right theory and two fundamental ideas on liberalism: the economic and the intellectual liberty. The natural rightRead MoreLiberalism And Its Impact On International Relations Essay1427 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Liberalism is more of a dominant philosophy in modern world more concentrating to European and American political system. Liberalism have many variations and many proposal for state. In this essay I will try to discourse different views towards liberalism is viewed. This essay views liberalism in more surficial manner but will try to touch the essential values and norms regarding liberalism. Liberalism is based on human experience and habit absorbed from society. So in same manner in thisRead MoreClassical Liberalism Is A Political Philosophy Originated1594 Words   |  7 PagesClassical Liberalism is a political philosophy originated in the 18th century based on the idea of individual liberty created to preserve an open and accepting, and open-minded society. Classical liberalism is very solemn when advocating for the value of freedom in which emphasizes the importance of religion, speech, press, assembly, and markets which includes free trade market capitalism, and economic libera lism. Up until around the 1900s, this ideology was commonly known as Liberalism, howeverRead MoreThe Theory Of Liberal Ideology1143 Words   |  5 Pagespolitical culture. First off liberalism; liberalism is a way of political worldview by the ideas of liberty and equality. Although in a certain time in our history equality was somewhat of a lie. Slavery, racism, and feminism prove that not every single person on the planet had equal rights. In the 1650’s to 1780’s western Europe had people that were thinking of ways to enlighten the people and bring change to the world they all live in, called the Age of Enlightenment. Mostly philosophers emphasizedRead MoreResistance to Liberalism Essay1177 Words   |  5 PagesHEAD: RESISTANCE TO LIBERALISM The Justification of Resisting Liberalism Liberalism, in general, was an ideological movement that emerged out of the ideas of the Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution in the early 19th century. It embraced the ideas of individualism which were established in the Renaissance and Reformation era. The Renaissance period sparked a belief in the importance of the individual in society. It helped promote the beliefs of classical liberalism which graduallyRead MoreTo What Extent Does Modern Liberalism Depart from Classical Liberalism1624 Words   |  7 PagesThe classical liberal ideology emerged as a result of the Enlightenment period, which brought about new philosophies, challenging the existing assumptions about the nature of humankind and society. Modern liberalism developed around 1870 as a result of both philosophical and practical changes, including mass industrialisation. Classical liberals argue that modern liberalism has broken the principles of doctrines central to liberal thought whilst modern liberals claim that they are simply adaptingRead MoreLiberalism in French Revolution Through Enlightenment1593 Words   |  7 Pages-UNDER THE IDEA OF ENLIGHTENMENT Dare to know! Have courage to use your own reason!-Kant Contents ENLIGHTENMENT AS AN IDEA: 3 FRENCH SOCIETY: 3 THE LIBERAL REVOLUTION: 3 CRITICISM ON THE IDEA OF LIBERALISM: 4 CONCLUSION 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY 6 ENLIGHTENMENT AS AN IDEA: â€Å"Enlightenment is mans emergence from his self-imposed nonage†¦ Sapere Aude! Dare to Know! Have the courage to use your own understanding is therefore the motto of the Enlightenment.† Immanuel Kant (ColumbiaRead MoreLiberal Ideas Of Equality And The Right Of Law1591 Words   |  7 Pagesradical at their time (Fielding et al. 2009, p. 127). Rising to prominence during the 18th century Enlightenment, liberal ideas has roots in the period of the protestant reformation in the 16th century, with ideas of increased importance and faith in the individual and his rationality in opposition to the central authority of the Catholic Church (Fielding et al., 2009, p. 106). Later, political liberalism was said to be a result of the growing middle class in a period where growing capitalism took the

Gender Differences Between Personality And Personality

With relevant theory and research evidence, critically discuss the view that there are gender differences in personality Personality is a ‘dynamic organisation, inside the person, of psychophysical systems that crate the person’s characteristic patterns of behaviour, thoughts and feelings’ (Allport, 1961, p.11). Various terms were used to define personality across the description of individual differences from various perspectives (Maltby, Day Macaskill, 2007, pp. 9). Personality psychology is spread wide out therefore there are significant researches done throughout to understand personality, one of the research in describing and explaining gender differences in personality. Although, this topic may seem evolved, it was not until the 1970’s when significant studies were piloted to learn gender differences in personality. To understand the emphasis and analysis of gender differences in personality, this essay will aim to approach theories and research evidence to confer the gender differences in personality. It will cover the aetiology of where these differences originated, followed by biological perspective to determine the gender of one self (male or female). Also, dig further into how personality theory of traits can explain the differences with evidence. However, firstly a brief account of male and female differences will be explained below. The most basic and obvious differences observed in both genders are the physical developments such as weight, height (inShow MoreRelatedGender And Openness At Experience1081 Words   |  5 Pages Gender and Openness to Experience Sydney Holst Arizona State University: PSY 290 Abstract The relationship between gender and openness to experience was examined. Arizona State University undergraduate students participated in taking a Goldberg-based Big-Five survey to measure their openness to experience. Women had higher levels of openness to experience compared to men. These findings suggest that there is a relationship between gender and the personality trait of openness to experience.Read MorePersonality Traits Of A Personality Trait Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pages NZ Personality Trait Research Gender differences in personality traits A lot of research has been done regarding gender differences in personality traits; which have given observable differences in previous research done on different levels of traits. This study addresses the gender differences in the levels of neuroticism and agreeableness in New Zealand. Results show that there are significant differences between the levels of neuroticism and agreeableness in malesRead MoreEssay about Gender Differences1657 Words   |  7 Pagesthat major gender differences exists, however scientific studies have prove that this difference occur mainly due to different rate of biological development, understanding this will help overcome negative impact brought about by perceived gender differences. For instance, understanding the nature of brain development between boys and girls is different, helps in establishing that possibly there are differences in learning style between the genders. This is vital in developing gender specific teachingRead MoreGender Correlati on Of The Myers Briggs Type Indicator1531 Words   |  7 PagesGender Correlations in Regards to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Mary E. Pyper Aquinas College Abstract One hundred seventy-eight anonymous participants (120 females, 48 males, and 10 non-specified genders) between the ages of 18 and 26 participated in a fifteen question survey regarding how portions of the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) relate to age and gender. The participants were selected by convenience sampling. Using questions designed to determine two aspects of each subject’s personalityRead MoreIs There A Correlation Between Personality And Dreams?1115 Words   |  5 PagesIs there a Correlation between Personality and Dreams? Dreams are stories that we develop in our minds while we are sleep. These dreams can range from something bizarre to something extremely entertaining. Many scientists, researchers, and philosophers have studied the concept of dreaming, as well as linking it to personality. Dreams being a mysterious phenomenon, there has been quite an extensive amount of research to find the correlation between personality and dreams. This literature review willRead MoreDifferences Between Female And Female Brains1632 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstand how personality traits change in early and middle adulthood by examining the Big Five personality trait dimensions (Goldberg, 1992; John Srivastava, 1999; McCrae Costa, 1999). It will be particularly interesting examining whether change on all of the Big Five dimensions stops or slows in middle adulthood, as predicted by the five-factor theory, or whether change is ongoing and differentiated, as predicted by contextualist theories. Subtle observable dif ferences exist between male and femaleRead MoreThe Participant s Self Concept Personality1387 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of the research was to assess the participant’s self-concept personality (i.e., introvert or extrovert) and how they would associate with either a profile that was alike to their self-concept personality or a profile that was opposite to their self-concept personality. The three traits that were selected for the research were trustworthiness, friendliness, and likeability/physical attractiveness. Former research [â€Å"Byrne, D. (1961). Interpersonal attraction and attitude similarity. TheRead MorePersonality Is Defined As The Combination Of Characteristics944 Words   |  4 PagesPersonality is defined as the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual’s distinctive character. The study of personality has a broad and varied history in psychology with an abundance of theoretical traditions. The major theories include dispositional (trait) perspective, psychodynamic, humanistic, biological, behaviorist, evolutionary, and social learning perspective. This paper will be describing the psychodynamic theory and how its approach signifies one’s perspectiveRead MoreDifferences Between Sex And Gender Essay1151 Words   |  5 PagesThere are distinct differences between Sex and Gender. Sex is divided up into two divisions, male or female, based upon their reproductive system. Gender is the notion set by society on what social behaviours are acceptable for males and females, for example the expectation that females are more caring or nurturing than men. Gender can be further divided into two subcategorise: identity and stereotype. Gender identity is the concept that your sex and gender do not have to be the same but can differentRead MorePersonality, Gender, and Age in the Language of Social Media1136 Words   |  4 PagesPersonality, Gender, and Age in the Language of Social Media This article was published in the PLOS ONE journal volume 9 on September 25, 2013. It was received for publication on January 23, 2013 and accepted for publication on July 29, 2013. The study was conducted by a group of scientists in the University of Warwick which is located in the United Kingdom. These scientists were H. Andrew Schwartz mail, Johannes C. Eichstaedt, Margaret L. Kern, Lukasz Dziurzynski, Stephanie M. Ramones

How to Lie With Statistics Book Review - 1047 Words

How to Lie with Statistics Book Summary The book How to Lie with Statistics written by Darrell Huff shows you how statistics are used to mislead; sometimes unintentionally, other times on purpose. It gives the readers the knowledge necessary to intelligently question and understand the story behind the numbers. In other words, it shows the tricks the crooks use, so that honest men can use this knowledge for self defense. I think it’s particularly useful for a manager or an executive to read and understand this book, because they are usually presented with a lot of numbers, graphs and charts and are expected to make decisions based on these numbers. People collecting and presenting the numbers to management could employ some of the†¦show more content†¦Another interesting concept explained in the book is the semi attached figure: if you can’t prove what you want to prove, demonstrate something else and pretend they are the same thing. When there is a comparison, you should carefully look at what the comparison product or group is. You should also control for all other potential risk factors when studying effects of factors. The most striking example in the book is the claim used by Navy recruiters: It was safer to be in Navy than out of it just by comparing the death rates of Navy personnel and NY citizens, even though these groups are not comparable. Maybe one of the most common mistakes about statistics is to think that something is a result of something when they are correlated. However, correlation does not imply causation. A very common instance is where neither of the variables have any effect on each other but there is a real correlation. The book presents a great example for this with rum prices and ministers’ salaries. They seem to be correlated and you could decide that one is the cause of the other where in fact the rise in the prices is the real influence for both. Therefore, one should be very careful interpreting results because it is very easy to show a positive correlation between a pair of things. This books shows that misinforming people by the use of statistical material is quite easy and widely used. Statistics is as much an art as it is a science and aShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Moneyball The Art Of Winning An Unfair Game By Michael Lewis1624 Words   |  7 Pagespayrolls. During this review, we will discuss and visit aspects of organizational theory such as moral judgment, decision making, risk management, and ethical leadership and how Michael Lewis applied them in his book. I will provide a synopsis of the overall concept of his theory, as well as providing a breakdown of how our concepts of organizational theory relate to this overall process called Moneyball. Summary Moneyball: The Art of Winning an Unfair game by Michael Lewis details how an economic modelRead MoreTotal Money Makeover Financial Review1057 Words   |  5 PagesTotal Money Makeover Book Review So, you’re making payments on your car, your furniture, your house and your credit cards. In other words, you’re a typical American†¦and you’re in trouble. You’re behind on your payments and see no earthly way to dig your way out of your miserable pit. You need Dave Ramsey. Dave Ramsey is direct, he doesn’t sugar-coat his advice. He’ll tell you what’s smart and what’s not so smart. He won’t tell you that the road out of debt is always easy. Ramsey gives aRead MoreThe Political History Of The Usa1742 Words   |  7 PagesAmericans, present day America still remains segregated. Statistics have shown that the discrimination throughout history has been used in a direct behavior against African-American people. Discrimination is the overarching theme and factor in cases of education, the judicial system, and the media portrayal of the race. This paper will examine the continued discrimination exhibited in todayâ €™s world in relation to the plot of A Lesson Before Dying and how discrimination plays a vital role in the institutionalRead MoreMy Freshman Year Review By Rebekah Nathan Essay1181 Words   |  5 PagesMy Freshman Year Review Preface While auditing courses for her own education and interest a professor realized that the students were relating to her as if she was a student. She was behaving as a student, asking questions, going regularly to class and doing the required readings and in turn the other students began sharing insights, gossip and opinions she would never hear as a professor. Rebekah Nathan (pseudonym assumed by the author, Cathy Small, for purposes of the book) recognized that â€Å"evenRead MoreHow Christianity and Science Can Go Together Essay724 Words   |  3 PagesBarna Group completed and published the results of a five-year study on why many teens are turning away from Christian churches. The research showed that one-fourth of these skeptical young adults felt that â€Å"Christianity is anti-science† . This statistic should not be too surprising because Christians are notorious for their steadfast beliefs in Genesis 1 which states that the universe was created by God in just 6 days. Obviously, this tale contradicts countless scientific records and theories, makingRead MoreJohn Perkins Is An American Novelist1088 Words   |  5 PagesT.Main during 1970s to work as EHM. His job as EHM was to convince developing countries to borrow hefty loans for investing for infrastructure with sole purpose to make those countries dependent both economically and politically by U.s Corporations lie Halliburton and Betchel. After leaving M.A.I.N, he worked as CEO for Independent Power System, Inc. As EHM, he travelled all over the world and witnessed major dramatic incidences including Saudi Arabian Money Laundering Affair, the Fall of Shah ofRead MoreCase Study : Hospital Trust Board1249 Words   |  5 Pagesbenefit of the hospital’s Trust Board on the concept of Balanced Scorecard. The Balanced Scorecard (BSC): A theory and management approach of the Balanced Scorecard was first â€Å"proposed in the Harvard Business Review by Robert S. Kaplan David P. Norton (1995)† (Knapp, 2001). In the book called ‘The Balances Scorecard’ Kaplan and Norton (1996) translated organization’s mission and strategy into comprehensive set of performance measures. That gave a beginning to a strategic measurement and systemsRead MoreThe Future Of Holistic And People Centric Essay1627 Words   |  7 Pagesauthor of The Art of War, and Machiavelli, author of The Emperor and other books, created some of the first training manuals. Most of these books recommend practices wouldn t work in today s human resources management, but scholars still study the books for their strategic value and lessons in thought leadership. Evolving Standards in the Workplace The lessons of Machiavellian manipulation for modern HR departments lie in how much accepted practices change over time. Hositorically, HR focused on transactionsRead MoreThe Effects Of Corporal Punishment On Children932 Words   |  4 Pageswith a number of articles and debates on the effectiveness of corporal punishment, parents still use spanking as a means to discipline their children. Corporal punishment is only seen as abuse on a child in two states here in the United States. Statistics currently show, 90% of American parents agree with the use of corporal punishment on their children. It is more common to see corporal punishment with poor families and minorities show from studies. What most don’t realize is physical punishmentRead MoreAnalysis Of Kempe s The Book Of Margery Kempe 1427 Words   |  6 PagesHard to Spell, Easy to Practice Denial of Subjectivity, Reduction to Body, and Silencing in Kempe’s The Book of Margery Kempe How would you feel if you were treated as if you lack the ability to feel, speak, and decide on your own behalf? An object would have no issue with this due to its lack of emotions, however, as a human being and a woman, it is considerably distinct. In Margery Kempe’s The book of Margery Kempe ¸ her character is consistently undermined and harassed by aggressive male roles to uphold

Australian and American female nurses in the armed Essay Example For Students

Australian and American female nurses in the armed Essay forcesTo what extent were Australian and American female nurses treated as professionals in the armed forces?We have made partners of the women in this war; shall we admit them only to a partnership of suffering and sacrifice and not to a partnership of privilege and right? U.S President Wilson, September 1918My research for this essay showed that although there were similarities between American and Australian attitudes towards female nurses serving in their armed forces, some elements of the American War Department were more reluctant in allowing female nurses to serve as part of the armed forces in World War One. The different types of sources consulted were useful for different purposes. For example, the Australian Defence Department website (See Web Reference 3) although very detailed, suffers the expected bias due to it being written and published by the nursing corps of the current Australian Army. I also discovered that it was essential to distinguish between different parts of the armed forces because in some instances, like the case of the US War Department and the US Army, they had conflicting views on female nurses serving in World War One. This essay shows that there was a temporary marked change in each country towards the attitude of female nurses participating in the armed forces as the war progressed. However, after the conclusion of World War One, whilst they had earned respect for the nursing profession, their contribution was still not enough to admit them into the armed forces on a permanent basis. The establishment of the Australian Army Nursing Service in New South Wales in 1898 (Adam-Smith, 1984, 16), and in America the creation of the Army Nursing Corps in 1901 (Bullough Sentz, 2000, 77) opened the door for women to take part in some areas of the military, but only slightly. The outbreak of World War One was the major factor in the change of attitude towards nurses participating in the armed forces. Nurses were to become the most significant section of American and Australian women that directly took part in the war away from home. World War One was the most significant opportunity for nurses and other groups of women to have direct involvement in public, national affairs and not just indirect private family matters as it used to be. World War One was the first time on a large scale that gave women the opportunity to choose either direct or indirect involvement. The history of modern nursing stems from the pioneer work of Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) who turned nursing into a respected profession and vocation. She also reformed hospital sanitation methods. (Cohen, 1997, 128) She worked for a year as an unpaid superintendent of a London establishment for gentlewomen during illness,(Cohen, 1997, 130) until she and 38 other nurses were recruited for service in the Crimean War. This was the first time women were introduced to work as part of a military hospital during wartime. The change in the attitude towards female nurses and the respect they had earned by the end of World War One did not come easy. In Australia, the Federal Government was quick to create the first unit of nurses, who were to staff medical units overseas. To begin with, this brought much initial criticism from senior officers who preferred to train male soldiers as male nursing orderlies rather than female nurses. (See Web Reference 1) A primary source document of a comment for public consumption by the Director of Medical Services at the time, Major General Howse said,The female nurse (as a substitute for the fully trained male nursing orderly) did little towards the actually saving of life in waralthough she might promote a more rapid and complete recovery. (See Web Reference 1) In addition to this, female doctors were not allowed to join the medical services as a doctor because it was a widespread thought that women were too delicate to handle what they would face in a war-type situa tion. (See Web Reference 2) Whereas the Australian Government rushed to enlist nurses quickly, when America joined the war effort, only some parts of the Federal Government supported the use of women power. The sources show that there wasnt an agreement between the US War Department and the US Army and Navy. On the one hand, the Army requested that the War department enlist women as clerks as well as nurses but this was constantly denied. The Army was as quickly as possible trying to figure out how to bypass the bureaucratic red tape to enlist women nurses. (Bullough and Sentz, 2000, 88) On the other hand the US War Department showed a lack of enthusiasm on letting nurses serve in the Army. Therefore the fate of women nurses depended upon who out of the Army and War Department would be the prevailing authority. Ultimately, nurses were the only group of women, who did serve in the US Army during World War One. (Bullough and Sentz, 2000, 88) The US War Department seemed to be out of d ate in being reluctant to allow the Army to enlist women nurses. But the Navy and Marine Corps ignored the War Department. They quickly enlisted women who were given the same status as men. These were the first women in America admitted to some military rank and status. However when World War One ended they were quickly ushered out of the service. (Bullough and Sentz, 2000, 89) This narrow-mindedness shown by some groups opposed to women taking part in the war was an attitude that would soon change shortly after the conclusion of World War One. Native American Genocide EssayUnfortunately despite the majority of Government and military authorities who had changed their attitude towards nurses, there were still a minority whose attitude had remained unchanged. Despite the heroism displayed by Australian Nurses in World War One, their names were not recorded on war memorials for they were not combatants.(Cochrane, 1996, 69) This seemed unjust as they were excluded from the heritage of battle. (Cochrane, 1996, 69) It was not until 2nd October 1999 that an Australian Service Nurses National Memorial was unveiled in Anzac Parade, Canberra. (See Web Reference 4) It took 100 years for Australian Nurses who had served and suffered in every major conflict Australia had been involved in to gain service recognition. (Web Reference 4)During World War One, the American Army petitioned the US War Department for women to become a permanent part of the military. When hostilities ceased on November 11, 1918, plans for women to become part of the military were scrapped by the US War Department. (Bullough Sentz, 2000, 91) World War One opened the door temporarily for women to become part of the military but it was another twenty three years before women were again remotely considered as part of the United States military establishment. (Bullough Sentz, 2000, 91)It wasnt until after the end of World War One with soldiers returning home that it was realised how important the contribution of nurses was. There had been resistance by Australian medical officers in the beginning to nurses even joining the medical corps, let alone serve in base hospitals. (Adam-Smith, 1984, 36) However, sources show that opinions certainly changed after the war. One example of a changed opinion was a primary source document of a comment by Major J.T. Tait, Act. Registrar at No.1 AGH who remarked upon the work of the nurses after the end of the war. The source shows that he was just one of many who had come to respect the work of the nurses: The outstanding feature of their work through all the vicissitudes of administration was thatthey made it plain that they were there to nurse and care for the sick men, and that duty they were going to do, in spite, if necessary, of rules and regulations and military procedure. (Adam-Smith, 1984, 36) American women had the support of President Woodrow Wilson who saw how bravely they served on the war front. (Bullough Sentz, 2000, 104) A speech for public consumption by President Wilson who addressed the US Senate in September 1918, urged the Senators to recognize the contribution made by American women in World War One:Are we alone to ask and take the utmost that our women can give, service and sacrifice of every kind. And still say we do not see what titles that gives them to stand by our sides in the guidance of the affairs of their nations and ours?(Bullough Sentz, 2000, 105)Female nurses in both Australia and America during World War One had to struggle in order to change prev ious attitudes some groups had towards the involvement of women in general taking an active role in some part of the military. These days we not only recognise the importance of male and female soldiers in the war, but also female nurses, who tend to the soldiers in times of sickness and injury. Acting under such adverse conditions, Australian and American nurses proved their dedication to serving their country in times of need; they truly earned the title Front-line angels. (See Web Ref 1) However, though attitudes towards nurses did change during the war, it was only temporary. Their direct involvement in World War One was still not enough in proving that women nurses were capable of serving as a permanent part of the armed forces. (See Web Reference 5)Bibliographyhttp://www.anzacday.org.au/hidtory/ww1/overview/nurses.htmlhttp://www.awm.gov.au/1918/medical/nurses.htmhttp://www.defence.gov.au/dpe/dhs/main/infocentre/history/army/raanc.htmhttp://www.skp.com.au/memorials/00010.htmhtt p://bss.sfsu.edu.tygiel/Hist427/paddison.htmBullough, V.L Sentz, L. American Nursing, a biographical dictionary. Vol I. 2000, Springer, New YorkBarker, M. Nightingales in the Mud: The Digger Sisters of The Great War 1914-1918, 1989, Allen and Unwin, SydneyCohen, I.B. Florence Nightingale, 1997, Springer, New YorkCochrane, P Australians at WarAdamSmith, P Australian Women at War 1984, Thomas Nelson Australia, Hong Kong